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中考英语中那些常用不规则动词大汇总,记好了,有用!

来源:中考网    作者:中考网编辑整理    2015-10-27 15:55:17

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      英语中有许多不规则动词,它们不能简单通过加ed来获得过去式,你知道的这些不规则动词有哪些呢?看看下面的不规则动词变化大全,查漏补缺吧!
     
      ★记忆法一:常见93个不规则动词的变化规律归纳如下:
     
      一、A—A—A型,即原形、过去式和过去分词三者都相同。(共9个)
     
      cost—cost—cost
     
      cut—cut—cut
     
      hit—hit—hithurt—hurt—hurt
     
      let—let—let
     
      put—put—put
     
      read—read—read
     
      set—set—set
     
      shut—shut—shut
     
      二、A—B—B型,即过去式、过去分词相同。(共41个)
     
      1.过去式和过去分词都含有-ought。(3个)
     
      bring—brought—brought
     
      buy—bought—bought
     
      think—thought—thought
     
      2.词尾有-ild,-end时,只需把d变为t。(4个)
     
      build—built—built
     
      lend—lent—lent
     
      send—sent—sent
     
      spend—spent—spent
     
      3.过去式、过去分词都含有-aught。(2个)
     
      catch—caught—caught
     
      teach—taught—taught
     
      4.把-eep变为-ept。(3个)
     
      keep—kept—kept
     
      sleep—slept—slept
     
      sweep—swept—swept
     
      5.把-ell变为-old。(2个)
     
      tell—told—told
     
      sell—sold—sold
     
      6.过去式、过去分词都含有-elt或-ilt。(4个)
     
      smell—smelt—smelt
     
      spell—spelt—spelt
     
      feel—felt—felt
     
      spill—spilt—spilt
     
      7.过去式、过去分词都在原形词尾加t。(3个)
     
      learn—learnt—learnt
     
      mean—meant—meant
     
      spoil—spoilt—spoilt
     
      8.过去式、过去分词词尾是d。(4个)
     
      say—said—said
     
      pay—paid—paid
     
      lay—laid—laid
     
      hear—heard—heard
     
      9.改变元音字母。(11个)
     
      meet—met—met
     
      get—got—got
     
      sit—sat—sat
     
      find—found—found
     
      hold—held—held
     
      spit—spat—spat
     
      shine—shone—shone
     
      win—won—won
     
      hang—hung—hung
     
      dig—dug—dug
     
      lose—lost—lost
     
      10.改变辅音字母。(1个)
     
      make—made—made
     
      11.改变元、辅音字母。(4个)
     
      leave—left—left
     
      stand—stood—stood
     
      have(has)—had—had
     
      understand—understood—understood
     
      三、A—B—C型,即原形、过去式、过去分词都不相同。(共35个)
     
      1.i—a—u变化。(6个)
     
      begin—began—begun
     
      drink—drank—drunk
     
      sing—sang—sung
     
      ring—rang—rung
     
      swim—swam—swum
     
      sink—sank—sunk
     
      2.词尾为-ow,-aw时,过去式将其变为-ew,过去分词在其原形后加n。(5个)
     
      blow—blew—blown
     
      draw—drew—drawn
     
      grow—grew—grown
     
      know—knew—known
     
      throw—threw—thrown(show除外)
     
      3.词尾为“i+辅(1个)+e”,过去式将i变为o,过去分词多在原形后加n,若那个辅音字母为d或t,须双写d或t后加n。(4个)(give,hide除外)
     
      drive—drove—driven
     
      write—wrote—written
     
      ride—rode—ridden
     
      rise—rose—risen
     
      4.过去分词在过去式后加(e)n。(5个)
     
      break—broke—broken
     
      choose—chose—chosen
     
      freeze—froze—frozen
     
      speak—spoke—spoken
     
      wake—woke—woken
     
      5.过去分词由过去式加-ten构成。(1个)
     
      forget—forgot—forgotten
     
      6.过去分词由原形加(e)n构成。(6个)
     
      be—was(were)—been
     
      eat—ate—eaten
     
      fall—fell—fallen
     
      give—gave—given
     
      see—saw—seen
     
      hide—hid—hidden(hid)
     
      7.词尾为-ake时,过去式将其变为-ook,过去分词在原形词后加-n。(2个)
     
      take—took—taken
     
      mistake—mistook—mistaken
     
      8.原形、过去式和过去分词都不相同。(6个)
     
      do—did—done
     
      fly—flew—flown
     
      go—went—gone
     
      lie—lay—lain
     
      show—showed—shown
     
      wear—wore—worn
     
      四、A—A—B型,即过去式和原形相同。(1个)
     
      beat—beat—beaten
     
      五、A—B—A型,即过去分词和原形相同。(3个)
     
      come—came—come
     
      become—became—become
     
      run—ran—run
     
      六、情态动词型,只有原形和过去式,没有过去分词。(4个)
     
      can—could
     
      may—might
     
      will—would
     
      shall—should
     

     
      ★记忆法二:不规则动词相对于规则动词来说,难记得多,是最难对付的一类词。学生难学,老师难教。幸好它们不是杂乱无章的,可根据其中的一些内部规律来记忆。下面给大家介绍一种归纳记忆法,以期大家在攻克这一难关时,能收到事半功倍的效果。
     
      一、原形、过去式、过去分词相同:
     
      cost/cut/hit/hurt/let/put/read/shut
     
      (细心的你一定会发现,这些词中大多数是以字母t结尾的。)
     
      二、原形、过去式相同,过去分词不同:
     
      beat/beat/beaten
     
      三、原形、过去分词相同,过去式不同:
     
      come/came/comebecome/became/becomerun/ran/run
     
      (come,become,属不规则变化,但welcome属规则动词,其过去式、过去分词为:welcomed,welcomed)
     
      四、过去式,过去分词相同:
     
      (1)去掉字母组合ee中的一个e
     
      meet/met/metfeed/fed/fed
     
      (2)去掉字母组合ee中的一个e,然后再在词尾加t
     
      feel/felt/feltsleep/slept/slept
     
      keep/kept/keptsweep/swept/swept
     
      (3)词尾为的ll去掉一个l加t
     
      spell/spelt/speltsmell/smelt/smeltspill/spilt/spilt
     
      (4)过去式和过去分词以aught或ought结尾
     
      catch/caught/caughtteach/taught/taughtbring/brought/brought
     
      buy/bought/boughtthink/thought/thought
     
      (5)将stand改为stood
     
      stand/stood/stoodunderstand/understood/understood
     
      (6)将ay改为aid
     
      lay/laid/laidpay/paid/paidsay/said/said
     
      (7)将d改为t
     
      lend/lent/lentsend/sent/sent
     
      spend/spent/spentbuild/built/built
     
      (8)将i改为a,o,u等
     
      sit/sat/satspit/spat/spat
     
      dig/dug/dugwin/won/won
     
      (9)将ell改为old
     
      tell/told/toldsell/sold/sold
     
      (10)词尾加t
     
      learn/learnt/learntmean/meant/meant
     
      dream/dreamt/dreamtspoil/spoilt/spoilt
     
      (11)有两种过去式和过去分词,一种是不规则的,一种是规则的:
     
      learn/learnt/learntlearn/learned/learned
     
      shine/shone/shoneshine/shined/shined
     
      hang/hung/hunghang/hanged/hanged
     
      smell/smelt/smeltsmell/smelled/smelled
     
      burn/burnt/burntburn/burned/burned
     
      light/lii/litlight/lighted/lighted
     
      (12)其它
     
      have(has)/had/hadhear/heard/heard
     
      shoot/shot/shotlose/lost/lost
     
      hold/held/heldget/got/got(AmEgotten)
     
      find/found/foundmake/made/made
     
      leave/left/left
     

     
      五、三者均不同:
     
      (1)过去式以ew结尾、过去分词以own结尾
     
      blow/blew/blownfly/flew/flown
     
      grow/grew/grownknow/knew/known
     
      throw/threw/thrown
     
      值得注意的是:
     
      show/showed/shown或showeddraw/drew/drawn
     
      (2)改i为a变成过去式、改i为u变成过去分词
     
      begin/began/begundrink/drank/drunk
     
      ring/rang/rungsing/sang/sung
     
      swim/swam/swumsink/sank/sunk
     
      (3)改i为o变成过去式,过去分词以n结尾
     
      drive/drove/drivenwrite/wrote/written
     
      rise/rose/risenride/rode/ridden
     
      (4)原形后加n变成过去分词
     
      drive/drove/drivenrise/rose/riseneat/ate/eaten
     
      give/gave/givenfall/fell/fallen
     
      (5)过去式后加n变成过去分词
     
      break/broke/brokenchoose/chose/chosen
     
      freeze/froze/frozenmistake/mistook/mistaken
     
      steal/stole/stolenspeak/spoke/spoken
     
      take/took/takenwake/woke/woken(或woke)
     
      (6)其它
     
      be/was或were/beendo/did/doneforget/forgot/forgotten
     
      go/went/gonehide/hid/hiddensee/saw/seen
     
      wear/wore/worn
     
      六、有两种过去式和过去分词,但词义相同。
     
      wake/woke/woken(或woke)wake/waked/waked
     
      sink/sank/sunksink/sunk/sunken
     
      七、动词因其过去式、过去分词有两种形式而产生不同词义:
     
      shine、hang的两种过去式和过去分词:
     
      shone/shone照耀shined/shined擦亮
     
      hung/hung悬挂hanged/hanged绞死
     
      八、两个既可以做过去式,又可以做动词原形的词
     
      lie躺卧lay/lain/lying(现在分词)
     
      lay放,下蛋laid/laid/laying
     
      find找到、发现find/found/found
     
      found创建,成立found/founded/founded
     
      九、根据动词之间的词义联系来记忆
     
      (一)词义相对:
     
      (1)come/came/come来——go/went/gone去
     
      (2)give/gave/given给——get/got/got(AmEgotten)获得
     
      (3)sleep/slept/slept睡觉—wake/woke/woken(或woke)
     
      或wake/waked/waked醒来
     
      (4)rise/rose/risen上升、上涨、升起——fall/fell/fallen下降、落下、倒下
     
      sink/sank/sunksink/sunk/sunken沉下,(使)下沉
     
      (5)buy/bought/bought买——sell/sold/sold出售,卖
     
      (6)take/took/taken带去——bring/brought/brought带来
     
      (7)teach/taught/taught教——learn/learnt/learnt
     
      或learn/learned/learned学习、学会
     
      (8)lose/lost/lost丢失、失败——find/found/found找到
     
      win/won/won赢得、(获)胜
     
      (9)stand/stood/stood站、立——sit/sat/sat坐
     
      (10)send/sent/sent送、寄、发送——get/got/got获得、收到
     
      (二)词义相近:
     
      (1)beat/beat/beaten打,打败win/won/won赢得、获胜
     
      (2)understand/understood/understood懂,了解
     
      know/knew/known知道,了解,认识
     
      (3)get/got/got(AmEgotten)变成、成为、变得
     
      become/became/become变成,成为,变得
     
      go/went/gone变成turn/turned/turned变成
     
      (4)spend/spent/spent花费、度过
     
      pay/paid/paid支付、交纳
     
      cost/cost/cost花费、价值为
     
      take/took/taken花费
     
      (5)say/said/said说、讲
     
      speak/spoke/spoken说、演讲
     
      tell/told/told告诉、说、吩咐、断定
     
      talk/talked/talked谈话,讲,谈论,议论
     

     
      ★记忆法三:
     
      1.无变化,过去式与原形相同。
     
      let→let,put→put,hit→hit,must→must,set→set,beat→beat,cast→cast,cost→cost,cut→cut,hurt→hurt,read→red,shut→shut
     
      (shed→shedsplit→splitspread→spreadburst→burst)
     
      2.元音字母的变化。
     
      i→a:begin→began,drink→drank,ring→rang,sing→sang,swim→swam,give→gave,sit→sat,sink→sank
     
      i→o:drive→drove,ride→rode,shine→shone,write→wrote,rise→rose,win→won,
     
      (strive→strovearise→arose)
     
      i→ou:find→found(wind→wound,bind→bound,grind→ground)
     
      a→oo:take→took,shake→shook
     
      e→o:get→got,forget→forgot
     
      o→a:come→came,become→became
     
      oo→o:shoot→shot,choose→chose
     
      3.元音字母组合的变化。
                                  aw/ow/y→ew:draw→drew,blow→blew,grow→grew,know→knew,throw→threw,fly→flew
     
      4.元音字母和辅音字母都有变化。
     
      (1)sell→sold,tell→told,retell→retold
     
      (2)say→said,pay→paid,lay→laid,relay→relaid
     
      (3)sweep→swept,keep→kept,sleep→slept,creep→crept
     
      (4)bring→brought,buy→bought,think→thought,fight→fought
     
      (5)catch→caught,teach→taught
     
      (6)can→could,will→would,shall→should
     
      5.辅音字母变化。
     
      (1)build→built,send→sent,bend→bent,lend→lent,rend→rent,spend→spent
     
      (2)make→made,have→had,hear→heard
     
      (3)mean→meant,learn→learnt
     
      记住以上内容,英语不提升就怪了!一定要坚持呀!

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